Since its launch in 2015, the network has come a long way, leaving behind Proof-of-Work and switching to Proof-of-Stake, which increased its decentralization. Today, Ethereum functions as a "global computer", and second-layer (L2) solutions help it remain reliable and secure.
Buterin noted that L1 is not designed for high speed, its task is to ensure stability and decentralization. At the same time, the network's ability to cope with loads is important so that users can return assets to the base level in case of problems on L2.
The transition to PoS contributed to decentralization: now anyone can become a staker without the need for expensive equipment. Buterin emphasized that changes to the network are possible only through hard forks, which protects it from censorship.
Plans include the introduction of light clients that do not require the full history of the blockchain, as well as lowering the staking threshold from 32 ETH to simplify access for new users.