A key component of the upgrade will be an Ethereum EIP-4844 improvement proposal known as Proto-Danksharding. The option scales the blockchain by introducing a new type of transactions for large arrays of binary data (blobs) and organizing their storage. This is intended to reduce commissions for L2 solutions based on Rollups technology.
Among other changes, the hard fork includes:
EIP-1153 - reduces fees for storing on-chain data and optimizes block space;
EIP-1153 - improves the efficiency of cross-chain bridges and staking pools;
EIP-5656 - makes minor changes to the Ethereum Virtual Machine;
EIP-6780 - removes code that can prevent smart contracts from working.
The developers have not determined the exact date of activation of the update. This is expected to happen by the end of 2023.
The Dencun upgrade simultaneously includes components for two levels of Ethereum - execution (Cancun) and consensus (Deneb).